R Cheatsheet

R color cheatsheet

rainbow_hcl(4) "#E495A5" "#A065" "#39E 1" "#AA4E2“ However, all palettes are fully customizable: diverge_hcl(7, h = c(246, 40), c = 96, l = c(65, 90)) RStudio Cheat Sheets

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The cheat sheets make it easy to learn about and use some of our favorite packages. They are published in their respective PDF versions here: https://www.rstudio.com/resources/cheatsheets/, some are also available in the RStudio IDE under Help > Cheat Sheets.

This repository contains the source files of the current, archived and translated versions.

The cheat sheets use the creative commons copyright. Please see the LICENSE document for more details.

If you wish to contribute to this effort by translating a cheat sheet, please feel free to use the source Keynote file. To submit a translation, please use a Pull Request via GitHub or email it to us at info@rstudio.com with the subject "Translated Cheat Sheet".

RStudio cheat sheets are not meant to be text or documentation! They are scannable visual aids that use layout and visual mnemonics to help people zoom to the functions they need. Think of cheat sheets as a quick reference, with the emphasis on quick. Here's an analogy:

A cheat sheet is more like a well-organized computer menu bar that leads you to a command than like a manual that documents each command.

Everything about your cheat sheet should be designed to lead users to essential information quickly. If you are summarizing the documentation manual, you are doing it wrong! Here are some tips to help you do it right:

RStudio cheat sheets are hosted at https://github.com/rstudio/cheatsheets. You can submit new cheat sheets to the repository with a pull request.

The files keynotes/0-template.key and powerpoints/0-template.ppt are official templates that contain some helpful tips.

You may find it easiest to create a new cheat sheet by duplicating the most recent Keynote / Powerpoint cheat sheet and then heavily editing it—that's what I do!

Budget more time than you expect to make the sheets. So far, I've found this process to be the least time consuming:

Identify which functions to include by reading the package web page and vignettes. I try to limit my cheat sheets to the essentials.

Organize the functions into meaningful, self-explanatory groups. Each group should address a common problem or task.

Think about how to visualize the purpose of each function. Visual mnemonics are easier to scan than text, which all looks the same.

Think about what key mental models, definitions, or explanations the cheat sheet should contain in addition to the functions. Ideally, use these to explain the visualizations.

Sketch out several possible layouts for the sheet. Take care to put the more basic and/or pre-requisite content above and to the left of other content. Try to keep related content on the same side of the page. often your final layout will itself be a "mental map" for the topic of the cheat sheet.

Type out all of the explanations and function descriptions that you plan to include. Lay them out. Use placeholders for the visuals. Verify that everything fits. White space is very important. Use it to make the sheet scannable and to isolate content groups. Retain white space, even if it means smaller text.

Make the visuals. They take the longest, so I save them for last or make them as I do step 6.

Tweak until happy.

Use the existing theme that you see in the cheat sheets. It is cohesive and black and white printer friendly.

Choose a highlight color to use throughout your cheat sheet, and repeat this highlight color in the background of the top right corner. Ideally you could find a color that is different enough from the other cheat sheets that you can quickly tell yours apart when flipping through a booklet of cheat sheets.

Use a second color sparingly or not at all to draw attention to where it is needed and to differentiate different groupings of content.

Include lots of white space.

Visually differentiate groups of content. Backgrounds, boxes, side bars, and headers are helpful here. It is very useful for the user to know immediately where one group of content begins and where one ends. Our "gradation headers" fail here, so think of better solutions if possible.

Align things to guides, i.e. align things across the page. It helps define the white space and makes the cheat more orderly and professional.

Make the text no smaller than ~10pt.

If the letters are white on a colored background, make the font thicker - semibold or bold.

Save bold text for simple, important statements, or to draw scanning eyes to important words, such as words that identify the topic discussed. Don't make an entire paragraph bold text.

Include a hex sticker, IDE screenshot, or other branding material. The cheat sheets have a second function as marketing material.

Include a Creative Commons Copyright to make the sheet easy to share. You'll find one baked into every cheat sheet and the template.

Be very concise - rely on diagrams where possible.

Pay attention to the details! Your readers sure will so be correct.

If in doubt, leave it out. There is a documentation manual after all.

Code comments inform, but fail to draw the readers attention. It is better to use arrows, speech bubbles, etc. for important information. If it is not important information, leave it out.

Simple working examples are more helpful than documentation details. They meet the user at his or her pain points, demonstrating code, and reminding users how to run it, with the least context shifting.

Add some concise text to help the user make sense of your sections and diagrams. Images are best, but readers need to be able to interpret them.

Your cheat sheet has two goals. First, to help users find essential information quickly, and second, to prevent confusion while doing the above. Your best strategy will be to limit the amount of information you put into the cheat sheet and to lay that information out intuitively and visually. This approach will make your cheat sheet equally useful as a teaching tool, programming tool, or marketing tool.

p.s. Cheat sheets fall squarely on the human-facing side of software design. They focus on human attention. What does that mean? When you write documentation, your job is to fill in all of the relevant details—that's a software facing job, you need to know the software to do it. You assume that interested humans will find their way to your details on their own (and understand them when they do!). When you make a cheat sheet, your job flips. You assume that the relevant details already exist in the documentation. Your job is to help interested humans find them and understand them. Your job is to guide the human's attention. Don't just write, design.

RStudio Cheat Sheets

Base R Vectors

Base R Cheat Sheet RStudio® is a trademark of RStudio, Inc. • CC BY Mhairi McNeill • mhairihmcneill@gmail.com Learn more at web page or vignette • package

Data Science is an ever-growing field, there are numerous tools & techniques to remember. It is not possible for anyone to remember all the functions, operations and formulas of each concept. That’s why we have cheat sheets. But there are a plethora of cheat sheets available out there, choosing the right cheat sheet is a tough task. So, I decided to write this article.

Here I have selected the cheat sheets on the following criteria: comprehensiveness, clarity, and content.

After applying these filters, I have collated some 28 cheat sheets on machine learning, data science, probability, SQL and Big Data. For your convenience, I have segregated the cheat sheets separately for each of the above topics. There are cheat sheets on tools & techniques, various libraries & languages.

Read on to know which cheat sheet to use for a particular topic.

 

 

If you are starting to learn Python, then this cheat sheet is the best resource for you. In this cheat sheet, you will find a step-by-step guide to learn Python. It gives out resources to follow, Python libraries you must know and few helpful tips.

 

This cheat sheet by Datacamp covers all the basics of Python required for data science. If you have just started working on Python then keep this as a quick reference. Mug up these cheat codes for variables & data types functions, string operation, type conversion, lists & commonly used NumPy operations. The unique aspect of this cheat sheet is it lists down important Python libraries & gives cheat codes for selecting & importing these libraries.

 

NumPy is a core library for scientific computing in Python. In this cheat sheet from DataCamp you will find cheat codes for creating NumPy arrays, performing mathematics operation on array, subsetting, slicing, indexing & array manipulation. The unique aspect of this cheat sheet is it gives each function has been categorized & explained in simple English.

 

Your best resource to perform data exploration in Python using NumPy, Pandas & Matplotlib. With this cheat sheet you will learn how to load files in python, convert variables, sort data, create plots, create sample datasets, treat missing values & many more. It is one of the simplified cheat sheet on data exploration.

 

Pandas is one of the important libraries in Python. This cheat sheet on data exploration operation in Python using Pandas is your go-to resource to know each step involved in data exploration. You will find cheat codes for reading & writing data, preview of dataframes, rename columns of dataframe, aggregate the data, etc.

 

Be it a data scientist or a non-techie, visualization is easily interpreted by both. In visual graphs & plots, data comes to life & speaks for itself. In this cheat sheet, learn how to perform data visualization in Python. Explore the different ways in which you can plot your data. Find step by step approach to plot histograms, bar charts, line graph, scatter plot, etc.

 

This cheat sheet on Bokeh, an interactive visualization library in Python is especially useful with large datasets. In this cheat sheet by DataCamp, you will get basic steps for plotting, renderers & visual customization, save plots & create statistical charts.

 

Here is a cheat sheet on scikit-learn for each technique in Python. It provides different functions used for pre-processing, regression, classification, clustering, dimensionality reduction, model selection & metric along with their description. The unique aspect of this cheat sheet is it depicts the complete stages of machine learning.

 

Text cleaning can be a cumbersome process. And knowing the right procedures is the key to getting the desired result. Refer this cheat sheet to perform text data cleaning in Python step by step. Follow this cheat sheet to know when you remove stop words, punctuation, expressions, etc. The unique aspect of this cheat sheet is each step has been explained with codes & examples.

 

Use this reference sheet for cheats codes for all functions & operators under R. Understand what the different terms mean under R. It explains all the functions under data creation, data processing, data manipulation, model function, selection and many more.

 

Learn how to import data with readr, tibble and tidyr. Find functions to write & read functions in tibble. It also provides you useful arguments, reshape data, combine cells with tidyr.

 

This cheat sheet from RStudio is a reference material for data transformation with dplyr. Get short codes & operators for all operations under data transformation. Then be it summarize cases, group case, manipulation, vectorize & combine variables.

 

This cheat sheet gives a step by step guide to  data exploration in R. Learn how to load file in R, convert variables to different data types, transpose a dataset, sort dataframe, create plots & many more.

 

Above we saw cheat sheet on data visualization in Python. Here is a data visualization cheat sheet to give the different graphs by which you can plot the data. With a few lines of code, you can create beautiful charts and data stories. R has awesome libraries to create basic and more evolved visualizations like Bar Chart, Histogram, Scatter Plot, Map visualization, Mosaic Plot and various others.

 

This cheat sheet is specifically for creating a visualization in R using ggplot2. ggplot2 works on the grammar of graphics and is built on a set of visual marks that represent data point. Get cheat codes to create one variable & two variable graphical component. Along with different techniques for creating plots in R.

 

Caret package provides a set of functions that streamlines the process of creating predictive models. The cheat sheet includes functions for data splitting, pre-processing, feature selection, model tuning & visualization.

 

This cheat sheet provides functions for text mining, outlier detection, clustering, classification, social network analysis, big data, parallel computing using R. This cheat sheet gives you all the functions & operators used for data mining in R.

 

Cloud computing has made it very easy for us to access our files & data from anywhere. In this cheat sheet, you will learn about how to use cloud computing in R. Follow this step by step guide to use R programming on AWS.

 

In this cheat sheet, you will get codes in Python & R for various commonly used machine learning algorithms. The algorithms included are Linear regression, logistics regression, decision tree, SVM, Naive Bayes, KNN, K-means, random forest & few others.

 

This cheat sheet is provided from the official makers of scikit-learn. Many people face the problem of choosing a particular machine learning algorithm for different data types & problems. With the help of this cheat sheet, you have the complete flow for solving a machine learning problem.

 

This cheat sheet helps you choose the best Azure Machine Learning Studio algorithm for your predictive analytics solution. Developed by Microsoft Azure team itself cheat sheet gives you a clear path as per the nature of the data.

 

This cheat sheet provides you a comprehensive reference material for probability & statistics. Each concept has been explained marvelously with a diagrammatical explanation. It covers from the basic probability rules to advanced statistical concepts in a very precise & accurate manner. Developed by the University of Pennsylvania, it is one of the most comprehensive cheat sheets you can lay your hands on.

 

Refer this cheat sheet for a quick overview on Poisson Distribution, Normal distribution, Binomial Distribution, Geometric Distribution and many more. It gives notation, formulas & a brief explanation in simple English for each distribution.

 

In this cheat sheet, learn how to perform basic operations in SQL. Get function for inserting data, update data, deleting data, grouping data, order data, etc. If you have started using SQL this the best reference guide.

 

In this cheat sheet, you will find commonly used MySQL & SQL commands. Get cheat codes for MySQL mathematical function, MySQL string function, basic MySQL commands. You will also find SQL commands for modifying & querying.

 

It is rightly said Hadoop has a vast ecosystem & includes various operations. Learn about the various operators, how they work & what operation they are responsible for. The cheat sheet has been broken down into a respective general function like distributed systems, processing data, getting data in/out & administration.

 

Here is a cheat sheet for Apache Spark for various operations like transformation, actions, persistence methods, additional transformation & actions, extended RDD, streaming transformation, RDD persistence, etc.

 

In this cheat sheet, get commands for Hive functions. It provides cheat codes for data functions, mathematical function, string function, collection function, built-in aggregate function, built-in table generating function, conditional function and functions for text analytics.

 

I hope you enjoyed reading this article. If I have missed out any cheat sheet which you think should be included in the list. Then post them in the comments section. The other reader & I would like to know about them.

If you have any suggestions/feedback then don’t forget to share it by dropping in your comments. Tell us what more cheat sheets you would like us to publish.

HTML cheat sheet

Hi Shortt,Thanks for a suggestion.Do you happen to know any particular cheat sheet for HTML?

Thanks Swati, these are really helpful!

Thanks Virat!I’m glad you found it helpful.

Great help!!

It’s already getting old.. tensorflow will be in higher demand than scikit-learn..

Hi Rob,We can only wait & watch.

This is great! Thanks.

I’m glad Aman,you found it helpful.

I’m glad Aman, you found it helpful.

Very, very nice and useful … Thankyou!!!

Your welcome Alfredo.

Dude, this was one of the most helpful tool for those who works with data! This is so handy!Smart is not who has all answers, but who can find them where they are…Tks a lot.

Carlos

Thanks Carlos 🙂

Amazing guys! Genuinely I needed them. All the best and Thanks a lot 🙂

Very useful, awesome work Swathi.

Great work!

Thanks Swati ..really needed the probability cheatsheet

Nice compilation. How about adding SAS sheet in it.. Thanks for the effort .

These are some amazing stuffs..really helpful for beginners.

A big thank you 🙂

awwsumm stuff…….its a one-stop-shop for cheat sheets

Great job for freshers.Thank you.

Hi Swati,

Very good article. Most of the things put to together. I would like to add sparklyr and pyspark cheatsheet to the list.

http://spark.rstudio.com/images/sparklyr-cheatsheet.pdfhttps://www.datacamp.com/community/blog/pyspark-cheat-sheet-python#gs.L8_uwbo

Regards,Sampath.

Excellently simplified in one page!

Great post !!!This is really helpful. Thanks a ton Swati.

One page solution to All my headaches to start my journey wit data analysus. Tq

One of the best article, I have come across.

This is great . Keep on writing . Data Science community is thankful to you

Hi Sanjeev,

Thank you for the feedback.

This is the best compilation of cheatsheets for Data Science I’ve ever found. Thank you so much Swati!

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